Galaxy number counts refer to the statistical analysis and measurement of the number of galaxies in a particular region of the sky. By counting the number of galaxies at different distances and brightness levels, researchers can gain insights into the distribution and properties of galaxies in the universe. This research area is important for understanding the large-scale structure of the universe, the evolution of galaxies over time, and the overall cosmological framework. Galaxy number counts are often used in conjunction with other observational data, such as galaxy clustering and redshift measurements, to further our understanding of the universe.